Paleovegetasi Berdasarkan Bukti Palinologi Kala Pliosen Cekungan Banyumas

Taxonomy is a branch of biology which is supported by palynological evidence. Palynology concerns to pollen and spore. The purposes of this research were to figure out plant diversity of Pliocene based on fossil pollens and to reconstruct vegetation and climates of Pliocene based on plant diversity. A survey has been conducted in Bungkanel, Purbalingga. Sampling was done for 25 sediment samples and then they were crushed, carbonate-, sulfide-, fluoride-, and organic-separated, centrifuged, oxidizing, alkali water-bathed, and mounted. Pollen and spore were identified in the laboratory with a binocular microscope. Data were analyzed descriptively, clustering, biostratigraphic Ranging-Zone, AP-NAP-Spore and PMI analysis has been done to determine the taxon, sediment age, paleo-diversity, paleo-vegetation and paleo-climate. The result showed that there were sixteen genera and three species of terrestrial palynomorph; two phyla, one class and one order of marine palynomorph. The Age of Pliocene was indicated by the appearance of Podocarpus imbricatus and Stenochlaena laurifolia (Stenochlaenidites papuanus).  The results of clustering analysis showed that there were six groups of samples with Shannon-Wienner H’ diversity index of <2. However, the palinological diagram showed that there were three local zones of vegetation-alteration. In addition, AP/NAP/Spores and PMI indicated that there were six zones of climate change

C mobilisation in disturbed tropical peat swamps: old DOC can fuel the fluvial efflux of old carbon dioxide, but site recovery can occur

Southeast-Asian peat swamp forests have been significantly logged and converted to plantation. Recently, to mitigate land degradation and C losses, some areas have been left to regenerate. Understanding how such complex land use change affects greenhouse gas emissions is essential for modelling climate feedbacks and supporting land management decisions. We carried out field research in a Malaysian swamp forest and an oil palm plantation to understand how clear-felling, drainage, and illegal and authorized conversion to oil palm impacted the C cycle, and how the C cycle may change if such logging and conversion stopped. We found that both the swamp forest and the plantation emit centuries-old CO2 from their drainage systems in the managed areas, releasing sequestered C to the atmosphere. Oil palm plantations are an iconic symbol of tropical peatland degradation, but CO2 efflux from the recently-burnt, cleared swamp forest was as old as from the oil palm plantation. However, in the swamp forest site, where logging had ceased approximately 30 years ago, the age of the CO2 efflux was modern, indicating recovery of the system can occur. 14C dating of the C pool acted as a tracer of recovery as well as degradation and offers a new tool to assess efficacy of restoration management. Methane was present in many sites, and in higher concentrations in slow-flowing anoxic systems as degassing mechanisms are not strong. Methane loading in freshwaters is rarely considered, but this may be an important C pool in restored drainage channels and should be considered in C budgets and losses

Geochemistry of Sungai Buluh peat core from Sumatra, Indonesia

Geochemistry data of a high-resolution peat core from the Past Global Changes - Carbon in Peat on EArth through Time (PAGES_C-PEAT) Project

Calibrated ages of Sungai Buluh peat core from Sumatra, Indonesia

Calibrated ages of a high-resolution peat core from the Past Global Changes - Carbon in Peat on EArth through Time (PAGES_C-PEAT) Project

Age determination of Sungai Buluh peat core from Sumatra, Indonesia

14C and 210Pb age determination of a high-resolution peat core from the Past Global Changes - Carbon in Peat on EArth through Time (PAGES_C-PEAT) Project

Analysis of sediment core SA-2-102, Segara Anakan lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia

The identification and quantification of natural carbon (C) sinks is critical to global climate change mitigation efforts. Tropical coastal wetlands are considered important in this context, yet knowledge of their dynamics and quantitative data are still scarce. In order to quantify the C accumulation rate and understand how it is influenced by land use and climate change, a palaeoecological study was conducted in the mangrove-fringed Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL) in Java, Indonesia. A sediment core was age-dated and analyzed for its pollen and spore, elemental and biogeochemical compositions. The results indicate that environmental dynamics in the SAL and its C accumulation over the past 400 years were controlled mainly by climate oscillations and anthropogenic activities. The interaction of these two factors changed the lagoon's sediment supply and salinity, which consequently altered the organic matter composition and deposition in the lagoon. Four phases with varying climates were identified. While autochthonous mangrove C was a significant contributor to carbon accumulation in SAL sediments throughout all four phases, varying admixtures of terrestrial C from the hinterland also contributed, with natural mixed forest C predominating in the early phases and agriculture soil C predominating in the later phases. In this context, climate-related precipitation changes are an overarching control, as surface water transport through rivers serves as the "delivery agent" for the outcomes of the anthropogenic impact in the catchment area into the lagoon. Amongst mangrove-dominated ecosystems globally, the SAL is one of the most effective C sinks due to high mangrove carbon input in combination with a high allochthonous carbon input from anthropogenically-enhanced sediment from the hinterland and increased preservation. Given the substantial C sequestration capacity of the SAL and other mangrove-fringed coastal lagoons, conservation and restoration of these ecosystems is vitally important for climate change mitigation